The directives of H.H. Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahayan the president of UAE and his unlimited support to realize agricultural progress encouraged all agricultural sectors to invest in the field of agricultural, animals and fisheries production.

Furthermore, the great efforts of H.E. the minister of agricultural helped to implement the most modern techniques to realize sustainable development in all agricultural aspects to ensure executing the instructions of the UAE president.

In order to protect our animal wealth from epidemic diseases as well as maintaining human health from zoonatic diseases, the ministry acted for spreading vet. Clinics in various areas and made vaccinations available allaround the year.

The immuniation campaign begins every year in October and ends in April the following year. Each clinic begins its vaccinating procedures in the district during this period. However, Veterinary staff vaccinate the animals imported into the country according to the procedures set up by the ministry annually .

Types of vaccination used

• F.M.D. vaccine 7 sero types .
• F.M.D. vaccine 4 sero types .
• Plague vaccine for cows and sheep .
• Pox vaccine for sheep and goats .
• Clostridia vaccine .
• Mycoplasma vaccine for goats .
• Pasteurella vaccine.
• Iones vaccine.

Immuniation against the following diseases

• Foot and Mouth disease .
• Plague .
• Pox .
• Septicemia (Pasteurella) .
• Anaerobic infections (Clostridia) .

Immuniation Statistics: No. of animals immunised in agricultral areas in 2000

Jn 2001

Foot and mouth disease (Aphthouinis of Cattle)

Cause of the disease

A virus of different strains .

Infectious disease of:

Ruminants (cattle , sheep and goats ) .

Symptoms of the disease

• Fever anorexia.
• Salivation.
• Vesiculation of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx , hooves when these vesicles nupture they leave behind an ulcer which heals in 2 weeks.
• Animals become lame due to infected limbs.
• Spontaneous abortion in infected animals.
• Infected animals become poor producer of milk.

Mode of transmission

• The vesicles when nipture liberate large amount of virus which infect the salvia , milk , stool and meat of the infected animal .
• Infected animal can spread the diseasc by infected droplets of saliva of fecal oral route .
• Labourers dealing with infected cattle may spread the disease .
• Birds and insects may spread the disease mechanically from one farm to the other.

Resistance of the disease :

• Vaccination of all the cattle every 6 months in the best way to prevent infection in UAE.

Types of vaccine used :

• Foot and mouth diseases vaccine of 7 sero types given to cattle every 6 months .
  Foot and mouth disease vaccine of 4 sero types given to goats and sheep every 6months .

Plague

One of the most dangerous epidemic diseases caused by a virus which causes death of cows , goats , sheep up to 80-90% .

Cause of disease : virus

Mode of transmission

Same as Foot & Mouth diseases: Plague of cattle (cows , sheep , goats)

Symptoms of diseases

• Animal becomes depressed with decreased muscle, skin flexibility and lost of hair shining .
• Anorescia .
• Fever , tachycardia , hypoventilation , congestion of the muions membranes nasal .
• Excessive lacrimation , increased cecretion and excessive salivation accumulated in the orophaynx and reduced milk production .
• Onopharyngeal ulcers formed .
• Hemorrhagic diarrhea with a foul smell along with decreased, spontaneons abortion urination.

Resistance to disease: Vaccination is given at all ages and provide immunity upto 2 years. Its preferable to vaccinate cattle annually after the first booster .

Plague of young cattle

• Anorexia .
• Fever, hypoventilation, longeston of muions membrances .
• Oral and nasal ulcers .
• Memorrlia gic diarrhea with foul smell .
• Fatigue of the animal .

Resistance of the disease: Vaccination to all ages given annually .

Pox

An epidemic Ural disease that can infect animals and human, characterised by the presence of vesicles which ulcerate and later on dry up leaving behind a scan .

Pox of goat and sheep: Highly contagions, causes great mortality mainly among sheep .

Symptoms of the disease

• Fever, anorexia, the animal becomes secluded and stops ruminating .
• Conjuctintis , and eyelids are swollen , increased nasal secretion .
• Vesicles begin to appear on naked skin lips the face , around the eyes , ending of the tail , later on these vesicles spread througlont the body , these vesicles later on puphire and become ulcerated lesions which dry up leaving a scar .

Mode of transmission

• Air-born and droplet infection .
• Physical touch among animals .
• Spread via parasites and mosquitoes mechanically .

Resistance of the disease

• Regular vaccinalion .
• Infected animals should be isolated and there excretion should be burnt , curing the sick animals and vaccinating the surrounding ones .

Septicemia (pasteurella infection)

A Baccterial infection caused in cattle, horses and rabbits. It spreads mainly in spring due to the temperature fluctuation from high to low and vice versa and also in crowced surroundings .

Symptoms

• Respiratony symptoms .
• Fever, anoresica , hyper ventilation , excess salivation .
• Infects both healthy and weak amimals and sometimes infection can't be rewgrised .

Mode of transmission

• Air-born and droplet infection .
• Fecal-oral route.
• Migration from infected to a non-infected place.

Cure and prevention

• Usage of suitable antibiotics ofter a quick diagnosis of a blood sample .
• Annual vaccination to maintain immunity .

An aerobic infection (clostridia)

A number of diseases caused by an aerobic spore-forming rod (bacteria) widely distributed in soil and in the gut of man and animal. The spores present in contaminated food and water can infect animals and produce endotoxins .

The major diseases are

• Tetanus .
• Gangrene .
• Botulism .
• Enterotoxienia .

Tetanus

caused by clostriduim tetani , spores found in soil , acquired by inplantation of contaminated soil into wound . The bacteria multiplies inside the animal and produces toxins that affect the nerves .

Symptoms:

• Anoxia, fever, muscle rigidity.
• Tonic muscle spasm starting from the head, ears, eyelids and jaws (locked jaw).
• Spasmodic conlraction of muscles spreads throughout the body which ends in complete paralysis of the animal .

Enterotoxaenia

Infects young lambs and maybe fatal even before symptoms arise .

Cure and Prevention of an aerobic infections:

• Use of antibiotics, incase of tetanus injections of anti tetanus serum containing antibody are used .
• Use of antibiotics + rehydrating liquids are given incare of enterotoxenia .
• Vaccination given to pregnant cattle annually, young ones are vaccinated after 2 months. Young are a non-immuned monthes are vaccinated 2 weeks after delivery.