Abstract

Due to the Successive increasing of the world populations it was noticed that many of big industrial countries and companies adopted new methods of fertilizing, protection and hybridizing of seeds in order to produce higher resistant and productivity of seeds through synthetic additives and genetic engineering methods which is still debatable because they may conduce to natural and environmental imbalance, as well to the appearance of harmful symptoms on man and animal. As a result of the accumulation of some poisons and minerals in their bodies which will badly affect them later on.

Accordingly, many countries have issued legislations to restrict or prohibit using certain kinds of pesticides or synthetics used in agriculture and food Industries.

Organic Agriculture

It includes all types of organic agriculture which encourages food production through using safe methods that agree with environmental, social and economical purposes.

The system of organic fertilizer is meant by the fertility of soil as a basic element for abundant production as well as maintaining the natural ability of productivity of plants, animals and soil. Organic agriculture seeks to achieve the integrity in all aspects related to agriculture and environment and to minimize depending on the production inputs, while desisting the use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides, and artificial chemicals. However, it enables the natural’s laws to perform for increasing agricultural production the resistance of diseases. The Organic agriculture is simply an integrated system of management stars in the farm and proceeds to the agricultural regions and their dependent units under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Environment and Water which undertakes the issuing of laws, legislations and measurements for organic agriculture to maintain public health, environment and natural balance.

Basic goals of organic agriculture production

• The main purposes of organic agriculture are to develop sustainable agricultural system with regard to the following principles :
• Maintaining man health.
• Achieve distinguished food production in quantity and quality.
• To maximize utilizing the renewable resources for the applied systems of production.
• Seeking the harmonized balance of corps’s production and animal breeding.
• Adopting the suitable conditions for cattle and poultry to live freely within their instinctive behavior.
• Minimize all forms of pollution.

The essentials and Principles for transformation to Organic agriculture

Requirements of transformation:

Paralleled production:

Maintenance and continuity of organic agricultural management:

Crops production:

All seeds and plants used for farming shall have organic certificates. All seeds and plants modified through genetic engineering shall be removed away. In case that these seeds and plants were in approachable, this necessary to use traditional seeds and seedlings provided that they were not chemically treated.

Length of transforming period:

Diversity in crops production:

The main purpose for farming production exists in considering the composition, fertility of soil, the surrounding ecological system, make available the diversity of varieties and reducing the lost of nutrients elements to their minimum. Diversity in food production shall be realized through combination of of: Following crop cultivation of different varieties including legumes, and supporting soil, covered by varieties of plants.

Fertilizing plan:

Fertilizer used for organic farming should be produced from organic elements in organic farms, either from bacterial germs, plant or animal origin which shall be analyzed through biological ways. Materials are analyzed through biological methods should not be the basis of fertilizing programmes, but they are an integral elements for the recycling of the feedings from the residues of the organic farms.

Management of pests, diseases and weeds:

The management of organic agriculture systems should be carried out in away to ensure the minimum lasts caused by pests, plant diseases and harmful weeds. It is necessary to use crops and varieties that acclimate with the environmental conditions, balanced fertilizing programmes, fertile soil of high biological activity, suitable agricultural cycles, cultivation of accompanying plants, green fertilizers together with using different isolation methods.

Current status and ambitions

It was noticed lately that the responsible are concerned with organic agriculture. In spite of the harsh conditions of climate in this region, beside the arid, dry and light soil which act for the rapid analysis of dubal additives as well to weak biological activity of soil. We have to face the challenge in purpose of creating proper and suitable environment for man and animal, and to save the expenses used for treatment of diseases, which have appeared and spread in many countries.

It was noticed also that some of farmers have initiated to apply organic farming, which is considered an evidence of raise of awareness among farmers however; there are still some of malpractices we have to mention since we have stepped up towards organic agriculture.

Usage of municipal wastes

Municipal waste should be completely avoided because they contain chemical pollutions and heavy metals like Mercury, lead, and others.

Manures of animal dung must be from animals feeding on organic products free of harmful chemicals.

Nitrogenous fertilizers

It is necessary to depend upon natural resources of Nitrogen, and encourage biological activity of soil, biological nitrogen fixers, and focus on application of agricultural rotation, provided that cultivation of legumes shall be one of its main elements.

Phosphor, Potassium and Calcium

The above elements shall be used in their natural composition

In addition, not through their synthetic formula this was chemically treated to ease solubility in water.

Organically Additives

They should have been used in their natural composition, and to avoid using chemical fertilizers. In case of using these fertilizers, they must be accompanied by authenticated certificates from the competent authorities that that the fertilizers are prepared from organic origin.

Recommendations

• Undertake to issue special legislations, specifications, and measuring for the organic agricultural products. It is also preferable to coordinate with the foundations measuring by the international union for the organic agriculture.
• To act for prohibiting the imported products, fertilizers unless they are accompanied by a competent institutions or the international organizations such as (FAO, IFOM, CODA).
• To setup a committee from the Ministry of Environment and Water to evaluate the organic farms, and to instruct the farmers how to avoid the common mistakes, or malpractices, and to report the suitable recommendations accordingly.